In these applications, what is required is to merge high metrological performances with properties such as compactness, reliability and low power consumption.

INRIM developed a hydrogen maser based on coherent-population trapping (CPT) and a pulsed, optically-pumped Rubidium clock (POP), which achieves an instability of 1 10^-15 after 10000s of measurement. We are currently engineering its performances in order to make it compliant with the requirements of industry, included space applications.

Particular attention is devoted to the design of low-noise electronic synthesis chains and to digitalisation of the entire electronic apparatus.